Spy Action & Sentry Action are used to determine whether a players gold is hidden or revealed to other players, this is known as "Gold Vision".
Revealing other players gold (to you) is determined by [your_spy_action] vs [target_sentry_action] and hiding your gold from other players is determined by [target_spy_action] vs [your_sentry_action]. The party with the higher strength wins.
If your Spy Action is higher then a players Sentry Action, then their gold is revealed to you, otherwise it is hidden.
If a players Spy Action is higher then your Sentry Action, then your gold is revealed to them, otherwise it is hidden.
There is no random factor to a stat's strength when deciding Gold Vision
As a by-product of conflict, both parties receive casualties which is how many units lost.
The amount of units that participate in the conflict and the difference in the attackers and defenders stats both determine the amount of "base casualties", then the casualties for each participate unit is determined using the "base casaulties" and the unit's resistance
During conflict, all items used by units are damaged to a degree.
Every item has a strength, when items are damaged it's strength decreased, this means that it's military stat will decrease in strength as items are damaged.
Items that are damaged can be repaired to restore their strength, which will bring your military stat close to its full strength.